最近，基于扩散的生成模型已引入语音增强的任务。干净的语音损坏被建模为固定的远期过程，其中逐渐添加了越来越多的噪声。通过学习以嘈杂的输入为条件的迭代方式扭转这一过程，可以产生干净的语音。我们以先前的工作为基础，并在随机微分方程的形式主义中得出训练任务。我们对基础分数匹配目标进行了详细的理论综述，并探索了不同的采样器配置，以解决测试时的反向过程。通过使用自然图像生成文献的复杂网络体系结构，与以前的出版物相比，我们可以显着提高性能。我们还表明，我们可以与最近的判别模型竞争，并在评估与培训不同的语料库时获得更好的概括。我们通过主观的听力测试对评估结果进行补充，其中我们提出的方法是最好的。此外，我们表明所提出的方法在单渠道语音覆盖中实现了出色的最新性能。我们的代码和音频示例可在线获得，请参见https://uhh.de/inf-sp-sgmse

Recent lay language generation systems have used Transformer models trained on a parallel corpus to increase health information accessibility. However, the applicability of these models is constrained by the limited size and topical breadth of available corpora. We introduce CELLS, the largest (63k pairs) and broadest-ranging (12 journals) parallel corpus for lay language generation. The abstract and the corresponding lay language summary are written by domain experts, assuring the quality of our dataset. Furthermore, qualitative evaluation of expert-authored plain language summaries has revealed background explanation as a key strategy to increase accessibility. Such explanation is challenging for neural models to generate because it goes beyond simplification by adding content absent from the source. We derive two specialized paired corpora from CELLS to address key challenges in lay language generation: generating background explanations and simplifying the original abstract. We adopt retrieval-augmented models as an intuitive fit for the task of background explanation generation, and show improvements in summary quality and simplicity while maintaining factual correctness. Taken together, this work presents the first comprehensive study of background explanation for lay language generation, paving the path for disseminating scientific knowledge to a broader audience. CELLS is publicly available at: https://github.com/LinguisticAnomalies/pls_retrieval.

虚拟现实（VR）中的运动是VR应用的重要组成部分。许多科学家正在以不同的变化来丰富社区，从而在VR中进行运动。一些最有前途的方法是基于手势的，不需要其他手持硬件。最近的工作主要集中在不同的运动技术的用户偏好和性能上。这忽略了在探索新方法时用户经历的学习效果。在这项工作中，可以调查用户是否可以迅速适应VR中基于手势的运动系统。参与者实施和测试了四种不同的运动技术。本文的目的是双重的：首先，它旨在鼓励研究人员考虑他们的研究中的学习效果。其次，本研究旨在洞悉用户在基于手势的系统中的学习效果。

Counterfactual (CF) explanations have been employed as one of the modes of explainability in explainable AI-both to increase the transparency of AI systems and to provide recourse. Cognitive science and psychology, however, have pointed out that people regularly use CFs to express causal relationships. Most AI systems are only able to capture associations or correlations in data so interpreting them as casual would not be justified. In this paper, we present two experiment (total N = 364) exploring the effects of CF explanations of AI system's predictions on lay people's causal beliefs about the real world. In Experiment 1 we found that providing CF explanations of an AI system's predictions does indeed (unjustifiably) affect people's causal beliefs regarding factors/features the AI uses and that people are more likely to view them as causal factors in the real world. Inspired by the literature on misinformation and health warning messaging, Experiment 2 tested whether we can correct for the unjustified change in causal beliefs. We found that pointing out that AI systems capture correlations and not necessarily causal relationships can attenuate the effects of CF explanations on people's causal beliefs.

健康素养被出现为制定适当的健康决策和确保治疗结果的关键因素。然而，医学术语和该领域的专业语言的复杂结构使健康信息尤为难以解释。因此，迫切需要对自动化方法来提高生物医学文献的可访问性，以提高一般人群。这个问题可以作为医疗保健专业人员语言与公众的语言之间的翻译问题。在本文中，我们介绍了自动化生物医学科学评论的制定语言摘要的新任务，建设了一个数据集，以支持自动化方法的开发和评估，以提高生物医学文献的可访问性。我们对解决这项任务的各种挑战进行了分析，包括不仅对关键要点的总结，而且还概述了对背景知识和专业语言的简化的解释。我们试验最先进的摘要模型以及多种数据增强技术，并使用自动指标和人工评估评估其性能。结果表明，与专家专家专门开发的参考摘要相比，使用当代神经架构产生的自动产生的摘要可以实现有希望的质量和可读性（最佳Rouge-L为50.24和Flesch-Kincaid可读性得分为13.30）。我们还讨论了目前尝试的局限性，为未来工作提供了洞察和方向。